System and method for picking validation

ABSTRACT

A system and a method for validating items gathered (i.e., picked) as part of a logistics process are disclosed. The picking system uses one or more sensors to sense the physical attributes of an item (e.g., weight, color, size/shape, etc.). The sensed-physical attributes are compared to expected-physical attributes stored for the item. Based on the comparison, a user may receive feedback confirming or rejecting the picked item. In some embodiments, the picking system uses the collected physical data to improve, or add to, the expected-physical attributes. The picking system may also be integrated with a powered-industrial vehicle and/or a warehouse management system to improve usability and effectiveness.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No.62/062,175 for Systems and Methods for Dimensioning, (filed Oct. 10,2014), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to computer-assisted picking and morespecifically to systems/methods to validate a picking operation using apicked item's physical characteristics.

BACKGROUND

Order preparation (i.e., picking) is one operation in logistics. Pickingconsists of gathering a specified quantity of items from a location(e.g., a bin, a shelf in a warehouse, etc.) for some purpose (e.g.,shipment, order fulfillment, assembly, etc.). Picking may beaccomplished by providing a worker with a list of items and quantities,(i.e., a pick list). The worker then moves about the location gatheringthe items according to the pick list.

Various tools exist to improve the basic picking process. For example, aworker may use a mobile computing device (i.e., MCD) that is wirelesslyconnected to a warehouse management system (i.e., WMS) to receive andrespond to picking instructions generated by the WMS. The worker'sresponse may include information regarding the picking status (e.g.,ready for next item), or may include validation information to helpprevent picking errors (e.g., a check digit to confirm location).

Automated picking validation may be used in place of (or in addition to)user-enabled picking validation. For example, the worker may place itemson a scale as part of a picking process. The weight of the picked item(or items) may be used to validate (i) that the correct item has beenpicked and/or (ii) that the correct quantity of the item has beenpicked. Despite these measures, picking errors still occur. Therefore, aneed exists for a more accurate picking validation scheme that uses newand/or more sensors to verify one or more of an item's physicalattributes automatically.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention embraces a method forvalidating a picking operation. The method begins with the picking of anitem. The picked item is then placed on a platform in view of a sensor(or sensors). The sensor (or sensors) sense one or more sensed-physicalattributes of the picked item. A computing device receives thesensed-physical attributes and compares these attributes to one or moreexpected-physical attributes stored on the computing device. If the oneor more sensed-physical attributes do not match the one or moreexpected-physical attributes, then a picking-error alert is created.

In an exemplary embodiment of the method for validating a pickingoperation, the sensor (or sensors) includes a dimensioning system, andin this case, the one or more sensed-physical attributes can include aone-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and/or three-dimensional(3D) measurement corresponding to the item's shape/size.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method for validating a pickingoperation, the sensors include a dimensioning system and a scale, and inthis case, the one or more sensed-physical attributes can include theitem's weight.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method for validating a pickingoperation, the sensors include a dimensioning system and a digitalcamera, and in this case, the one or more sensed-physical attributes caninclude the item's visual appearance.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method for validating a pickingoperation, the sensors include a dimensioning system, a scale, and adigital camera, and in this case, the sensed-physical attributes caninclude (i) a 1D, 2D, and/or 3D measurement of the item's shape/size,(ii) the item's weight, and (iii) the item's visual appearance.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method for validating a pickingoperation, the picking-error alert is an audio alert, a visual alert, ahaptic alert, or some combination thereof.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method for validating a pickingoperation, the method includes updating the one or moreexpected-physical attributes using the one or more sensed-physicalattributes if a match is found between the sensed-physical attributesand the expected-physical attributes. In some embodiments, the methodmay further include storing the updated expected-physical attributes onthe computing device.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method for validating a pickingoperation, the method includes creating a picking-confirmation alert ifthe one or more sensed-physical attributes matches the one or moreexpected-physical attributes, and in this case, the picking-confirmationalert can be an audio alert, a visual alert, a haptic alert, or somecombination thereof.

In another aspect, the present invention embraces a powered-industrialvehicle. The powered-industrial vehicle includes a user interface, atleast one sensor, and a computing device, wherein the computing deviceis communicatively coupled to the user interface and the at least onesensor. The powered-industrial vehicle's at least one sensor isconfigured to (i) sense the physical attributes of an item placed on thepower-industrial vehicle and (ii) output physical data. Thepowered-industrial-vehicle's computing-device receives the physical datafrom the at least one sensor and generates a set of sensed-physicalattributes for the item. The computing device then retrieves a set ofexpected-physical attributes for the item from the computing device'smemory. The set of sensed-physical attributes is compared to the set ofexpected-physical attributes, and based on the comparison, the computingdevice transmits an alert message to the user interface.

In an exemplary embodiment of the power-industrial vehicle, the at leastone sensor includes a dimensioning system.

In another exemplary embodiment of the powered-industrial vehicle, thealert message includes (i) an indication that the wrong item has beenplaced on the powered-industrial vehicle, or (ii) an indication that thecorrect item has been placed on the powered-industrial vehicle.

In another aspect, the present invention embraces a picking system. Thepicking system includes a host computer that is communicatively coupledto a mobile computer. The host computer creates and sends a pick list tothe mobile computer. The pick list includes one or more items to bepicked and a set of expected physical attributes corresponding to theone or more items to be picked. The mobile computer is communicativelycoupled to at least one sensor for sensing the physical attributes of apicked item and for outputting physical data. The mobile computer alsoincludes a user interface, a memory for storing the pick list, and aprocessor communicatively coupled to the memory, the user interface, andthe at least one sensor. The processor is configured by software tovalidate the picked item based on a set sensed-physical attributesgenerated using the physical data. Validation includes retrieving a setof expected-physical attributes for the picked item from memory andcomparing the set of expected-physical attributes to the set ofsensed-physical attributes. Based on this comparison, an alert messageis transmitted to the user interface.

In an exemplary embodiment of the picking system, the at least onesensor includes a dimensioning system.

In another exemplary embodiment of the picking system, the at least onesensor includes (i) a dimensioning system and (ii) a scale and/or adigital camera.

In another exemplary embodiment of the picking system, the processor isfurther configured to update the set of expected-physical attributesusing the set of sensed-physical attributes.

The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplaryobjectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in whichthe same are accomplished, are further explained within the followingdetailed description and its accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for validating a pickingoperation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 graphically depicts the implementation of a powered-industrialvehicle according to a first exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 graphically depicts the implementation of a powered-industrialvehicle according a second exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a picking system according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention embraces an automatic picking validationsystem/method based on sensing physical aspects of a picked item andproviding feedback (i.e., messages, alerts, etc.) to a user based on acomparison between the sensed-physical aspects and expected-physicalaspects stored in memory.

Picking includes gathering particular quantities of items in anitem-storage location (e.g., a warehouse). Typically, picking isperformed as part of a logistics (e.g., supply-chain) process. Pickingmay be accomplished in a variety of ways (e.g., picker-to-part,part-to-picker, etc.), and different tools have been created tofacilitate aspects of this work. These tools may help (i) pickingmanagement (e.g., warehouse management system (WMS)), (ii) directing aworker (e.g., mobile computers, voice headsets, etc.), (iii)lifting/carrying items (e.g., powered industrial vehicles), and (iv)sorting/counting items (e.g., robotics). Despite, thisautomation/mechanization picking is still a labor-intensive activity andprone to human error.

Picking errors are costly and should be avoided. To this end, workflowsare often designed to eliminate picking errors by requiring workers tointeract with the WMS (e.g., to confirm a location, to confirm number ofitems picked, etc.). Even with these measures, picking errors may stilloccur.

Automated picking validation (e.g., picking error detection, pickingconfirmation, etc.) may support or replace worker-supported (i.e.,user-enabled) picking validation. Automation relies on the fact thatpicked items have distinguishing physical attributes (e.g., weight,size/shape, color, markings, etc.). By sensing a picked item's physicalattributes and comparing these sensed-physical attributes to physicalcharacteristics that are expected (i.e., expected-physical attributes),picking errors may be detected or correct picking may be confirmed.

Scales have been used to determine the weight of picked items as theyare gathered. Validating items by weight, while useful, has notcompletely replaced user-enabled validation. One reason for this is thatthe measured weight is not always accurate. Scales designed for heavyitems may not accurately weigh lighter items. In addition, when weighingmany items, each item having a weight that slightly deviates from anexpected value, errors can result when the weight deviations for eachitem accumulate.

Sensors may be combined with (or may replace) the scale in order toimprove picking validation and/or add functionality to the pickingprocess. The set of sensors may perform a variety of functions (e.g.,sense the physical attributes of items, count items, weigh/measureitems, read markings on items, etc.). A computing device, with memoryand software algorithms running on a processor, may aggregate the datafrom the sensors to provide a more accurate representation of the pickeditem and further automate the picking process.

Machine vision may be used for picking validation. Machine vision is theautomatic visual inspection and analysis of items placed in front of animaging device (e.g., digital camera). Images from the imaging devicemay be processed to detect an item by its appearance (e.g., color,reflectivity, shape, markings, etc.). The image processing may includevariety of algorithms (e.g., image-stitching, filter, thresholding,pixel counting, segmentation, edge detection, color analysis, patternrecognition, optical-character-recognition, etc.). The processor forimage processing (e.g., image processing unit) may be separate from theimaging device or combined with the imaging device (e.g., smart camera).The imaging device may capture images of visible or invisible light andin some machine vision systems utilize special illumination (e.g.,ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), etc.) to make visible certain aspectsof an item (e.g., security marks).

Systems to measure (without contact) an item in three dimensions (i.e.,dimensioning systems, dimensioners) may be used for picking validation.Dimensioning systems typically emit radiation (e.g., light, ultrasonic,x-ray, etc.) towards an item and detect the reflected radiation from theitem in order to determine the size/shape of the item. Dimensioningsystems may use various methods to probe the item (e.g., time-of-flight,triangulation, etc.).

In one dimensioning system embodiment, an IR pattern (i.e., point cloud)is projected onto an item. The reflected IR pattern is detected on animaging device (e.g., range camera) and the position of the patternelements in the point cloud image are measured and compared to a knownpattern. Offsets in the imaged pattern correspond to changes in range(i.e., depth). Measured ranges may then be used to compute thedimensions of the item or to create a 3D model of the item. Thisdimensioning system is typically characterized by a projector and arange camera in a stereoscopic arrangement. The processing of the pointcloud image may be performed by the dimensioning system or by acomputing device (e.g., mobile computer, host computer, etc.) that is incommunication with the dimensioner.

By combining the outputs from a plurality of sensors, the picked itemmay be validated more accurately. An exemplary method for validating apicking operation is shown in Figure (FIG. 1. First, an item is picked10. The item may be picked automatically and brought to the user (e.g.,sorting system and/or conveyor belt) or the user may move to the itemand pick it manually. The item is then placed on a platform 20. Theplatform may be a designated area in the warehouse or may be part of apowered industrial vehicle. The platform supports the item so that itmay be measured by at least one sensor. In one possible embodiment, theplatform may be part of a scale to weigh the item. In another possibleembodiment, the platform may be in the field of view of a digital camera(e.g., machine vision system). In another possible embodiment, theplatform may be in the field of view of a dimensioning system. In stillanother possible embodiment, the platform may be part of a scale and inthe field of view of a digital camera and a dimensioner. Variouscombinations of the sensors are within the scope of the invention.

After placing the item on the platform, the item is measured using oneor more sensors 30 to collect one or more sensed-physical attributes 40.The sensed physical attributes are then compared to a set ofexpected-physical attributes 45 stored in a computer readable memory.The comparison is performed by a computing device (e.g., mobilecomputer, host computer, etc.) that is communicatively coupled (e.g.,wireless or wired) to the one or more sensors and the computer readablememory. The computing device may be body worn, handheld, desktop,laptop, or may be integrated with a powered-industrial vehicle.Algorithms running on the computer's processor then compare the sensedand expected physical attributes 50. If the attributes do not match,then a picking-error alert is created 60. Alternatively, if thecomparison results in a match, then a picking confirmation may becreated 70. The picking-error alert and the picking-confirmation alertmay be an audio (e.g., voice), visual (e.g., text/graphics on a screen,signal light, printed message, etc.), or haptic (e.g., vibration)messages. In addition, the alerts may use some combination of thesemessages (e.g., a flashing light and a vibration).

The expected-physical attributes for an item may be stored in thecomputing device's memory. In one possible embodiment, the expectedattributes for all possible picked items are installed in the memoryduring a setup procedure. In another possible embodiment, the expectedattributes are downloaded as needed from a host computer (e.g.,warehouse management system) and stored locally in the computingdevice's memory during the picking process.

Expected-physical attributes may be acquired through preliminarytraining (i.e., supervised learning) and used until it is necessary toretrain (e.g., until a new item is added, until an item's attributeschange, etc.). In many cases, however, it is desirable for the pickingvalidation to be adaptable, and in these cases, updating theexpected-physical attributes using the sensed-physical attributes (i.e.,machine learning) is required. For example, if the one or moresensed-physical attributes does not match the expected-physicalattributes (e.g., an item's package has changed) then theexpected-physical attributes may be updated 80. In one possibleembodiment, the sensed-physical attributes replace or add to theexpected-physical attributes stored in memory. In another possibleembodiment, the sensed-physical attributes are uploaded to a hostcomputing system along with other sensed-physical attributes (e.g.,collected by another user, collected at a different time, etc.) to helpcreate new expected-physical attributes (i.e., unsupervised learning).

The picking process may require a worker to use a powered-industrialvehicle (e.g., forklift, motorized trucks, stock-chasers, stackers,lifts, etc.) to gather items. Here, the sensors, the computing device,and a user interface may be combined or integrated with the vehicle tofacilitate picking validation. One possible implementation of apowered-industrial vehicle according to an embodiment of the presentinvention vehicle is shown in FIG. 2. The powered-industrial vehicle 100has a platform 110 onto which an item 120 may be placed. When placed onthe platform 110, the item 120 is within the field of views 135,145 of adimensioning system 130 and a digital camera 140. The platform 110 maybe part of a scale (not shown) so that items placed on the platform maybe measured for weight. The dimensioning system, the digital camera, andthe scale are communicatively coupled (e.g., wired or wireless) to acomputing device (not shown) that is integrated within the vehicle 100.The computing device is also communicatively coupled to a user interface150. The user interface, shown in FIG. 2, is a display (e.g., touchdisplay) for presenting and receiving information to/from a user 160.While shown as a touch display, interfacing with a user may beaccomplished in a variety ways (e.g., voice headset, printer, etc.).

Another possible implementation of a powered-industrial vehicleaccording to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3.Here, the user interface is a voice headset 180 and the computing deviceis a body-worn mobile computing device (MCD) 170. A wireless link (e.g.BLUETOOTH™) connects the headset 180 and the MCD 170. The MCD 170 isalso wirelessly coupled to the dimensioning system 130, the digitalcamera 140, and the scale (not shown). The MCD 170 is also wirelesslycoupled to a host computer 200 via a wireless network (e.g., WLAN,WIFI™, etc.) 190. In this configuration, the host computer 200 mayperform the majority (or all) of the process steps necessary for pickingvalidation. The host computer may also communicate with the user 160 viavoice commands via the headset 180 (e.g., picking instructions, alertmessages, etc.).

Multiple workers using multiple vehicles may operate simultaneously in alocation (e.g., warehouse). In this case, the host computer (e.g.,warehouse management system) may direct and validate picking for eachuser. The host computer may create a pick list for each user andtransmit the user's pick list in its entirety or item-by-item to theuser as needed. A picklist is a list of each item to be gathered alongwith the quantity to be picked. The present invention embraces a picklist that also includes the expected-physical attributes for one or moreitems in the pick list. The pick list (or portions of the pick list) maybe downloaded to the computing device and stored locally in thecomputing device's memory.

FIG. 4 graphically depicts a block diagram of an exemplary pickingsystem. The picking system includes a host computer 200 for creating apick list 210 including at least one item to be picked and a set ofexpected-physical attributes associated for each item. The host computertransmits the pick list to a mobile computer 250. The mobile computerstores the pick list in its memory (e.g., RAM, HDD, SSD, etc.). Themobile computer includes, or is otherwise communicatively coupled to, atleast one sensor (e.g., dimensioning system 130, scale 240, digitalcamera 140, etc.) to measure the attributes of a picked item 120.Physical data from the sensors 130,240, 140 are communicated to themobile computer's processor 220 (e.g., CPU, microprocessor, multi-coreprocessor, ASIC, FPGA, etc.). The processor is configured by softwarestored in the memory 230 to generate, from the physical data, a set ofsensed-physical attributes for the picked item. The processor thenretrieves the expected-physical attributes for the picked item from thememory 230 and compares the sensed-physical attributes to theexpected-physical attributes. Based on the comparison, the processorcreates an alert message (e.g., picking error, picking confirmation,etc.) and transmits this message to the user interface 225 (e.g.,display, voice headset, printer, etc.). In some cases, the processorupdates the expected-physical attributes measured for the particularpicked item. The updated expected-physical attributes may then be storedin the memory 230 and/or communicated to the host computer 200.

In another embodiment of the picking system, the processing necessaryfor validation (i.e., comparing the sensed-physical attributes toexpected-physical attributes, creating an alert message, etc.) may beperformed on the host computer 200.

In some cases, automatic picking validation may require userinteraction. The user 160, for example, may be required to input apicked-item identifier (e.g., serial number, part number, location,etc.) via the user interface 225 so that the correct expected-physicalattributes may be retrieved from memory. In operation, a user may inputthis identifier via a keyboard/number pad, via voice, or by scanning abarcode on the picked item using a barcode reader communicativelycoupled to the mobile computer 250.

The results of the picking validation may be used for other purposesbesides picking validation. For example, a warehouse management systemmay monitor the results of the picking validation to compute workereffectiveness, identify workflow problems, and/or compute volumetricweights of the picked items for shipping (e.g., compute shipping costs).

To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporatesentirely by reference the following commonly assigned patents, patentapplication publications, and patent applications:

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In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments of theinvention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited tosuch exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes anyand all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Thefigures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawnto scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in ageneric and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for validating a pickingoperation, the method comprising: picking an item; placing the pickeditem on a platform in a field of view of a dimensioning systemcommunicatively coupled to a computing device, wherein the platform issupported by a powered-industrial vehicle; sensing, using a sensor, afirst set of physical attributes of the picked item, wherein the sensorcomprises the dimensioning system, a scale, and a digital camera,wherein the sensing is comprised of sensing, using the dimensioningsystem, dimensions of the picked item while the picked item is on theplatform in the field of view of the dimensioning system, wherein atleast a portion of the dimensioning system is supported by thepowered-industrial vehicle at a higher elevation than the platform sothat the field of view of the dimensioning system is directed downwardlytoward the platform and multiple sides of the picked item are in thefield of view of the dimensioning system, and wherein at least a portionof the digital camera is supported by the powered-industrial vehicle ata higher elevation than the platform so that a field of view of thedigital camera is directed downwardly toward the platform; comparing,using the computing device, the first set of sensed-physical attributesto expected-physical attributes stored on the computing device, whereinthe comparing is comprised of comparing, using the computing device, thesensed dimensions of the picked item to expected dimensions of thepicked item stored on the computing device; and in response to the firstset of sensed-physical attributes not matching the expected-physicalattributes: generating a picking-error alert, comprising generating thepicking-error alert if the sensed dimensions of the picked item do notmatch the expected dimensions of the picked item, and updating, in thecomputing device, the expected-physical attributes based on the firstset of sensed-physical attributes and a second set of sensed-physicalattributes collected at a different time during a different pickingoperation.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the senseddimensions of the picked item comprise two-dimensional and/orthree-dimensional measurement corresponding to the picked item'sshape/size.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first set ofsensed-physical attributes comprises the picked item's weight.
 4. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the first set of sensed-physicalattributes comprises the picked item's visual appearance.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the first set of sensed-physicalattributes comprises (i) two-dimensional and/or three-dimensionalmeasurement corresponding to the picked item's shape/size, (ii) thepicked item's weight, and (iii) the picked item's visual appearance. 6.The method according to claim 1, wherein the picking-error alert is (i)an audio alert, a visual alert, or a haptic alert or (ii) combinationsthereof.
 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: inresponse to the first set of sensed-physical attributes matching theexpected-physical attributes, then updating the expected-physicalattributes using the first set of sensed-physical attributes, andstoring the updated one or more expected-physical attributes on thecomputing device.
 8. The method according to claim 1, furthercomprising: in response to the first set of sensed-physical attributesmatching the expected-physical attributes, generating apicking-confirmation alert.
 9. The method according to claim 8, whereinthe picking-confirmation alert is (i) an audio alert, a visual alert, ora haptic alert or (ii) combinations thereof.
 10. A powered-industrialvehicle, comprising: a user interface; at least one sensor configuredto: (i) sense physical attributes of an item placed on a platform of thepowered-industrial vehicle during a picking operation and (ii) outputphysical data; and a computing device communicatively coupled to theuser interface and the at least one sensor, wherein the computing deviceis configured to: (i) generate a first set of sensed-physical attributesfor the item based on the physical data, (ii) retrieve a first set ofexpected-physical attributes for the item from the computing device'smemory, (iii) compare the first set of sensed-physical attributes to thefirst set of expected-physical attributes, and (iv) based on thecomparison, transmit an alert message to the user interface, wherein theat least one sensor comprises: a dimensioning system having a field ofview configured so that the dimensioning system can sense physicalattributes of the item upon the platform of the powered-industrialvehicle, and the first set of sensed-physical attributes comprisessensed dimensions of the item, wherein at least a portion of thedimensioning system is supported by the powered-industrial vehicle at ahigher elevation than the platform so that the field of view of thedimensioning system is directed downwardly toward the platform, a scale,and the first set of sensed-physical attributes comprises sensed weightof the item upon the platform of the powered-industrial vehicle, and adigital camera, and the first set of sensed-physical attributescomprises sensed visual appearance of the item upon the platform of thepowered-industrial vehicle, wherein at least a portion of the digitalcamera is supported by the powered-industrial vehicle at a higherelevation than the platform so that a field of view of the digitalcamera is directed downwardly toward the platform, and wherein thecomputing device being configured to compare the first set ofsensed-physical attributes to the first set of expected-physicalattributes is comprised of: the computing device being configured tocompare the sensed dimensions of the item to expected dimensions of theitem, the computing device being configured to compare the sensed weightof the item to expected weight of the item, and the computing devicebeing configured to compare the sensed visual appearance of the item toexpected visual appearance of the item, and wherein to transmit thealert message the computing device being configured to: transmit apicking-error alert if the sensed dimensions of the item do not matchthe expected dimensions of the item; and update the first set ofexpected-physical attributes to generate a second set ofexpected-physical attributes, based on the first set of sensed-physicalattributes and a second set of sensed-physical attributes collected at adifferent time during a different picking operation.
 11. Thepowered-industrial vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the senseddimensions of the item comprise two-dimensional and/or three-dimensionalmeasurement corresponding to the item's shape/size.
 12. Thepowered-industrial vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the alertmessage comprises (i) an indication that the wrong item has been placedon the powered-industrial vehicle or (ii) an indication that the correctitem has been placed on the powered-industrial vehicle.
 13. A pickingsystem, comprising: a host computer for creating a pick list, the picklist comprising one or more items to be picked during a pickingoperation and a first set of expected-physical attributes correspondingto the one or more items to be picked; at least one sensor configuredto: (i) sense physical attributes of a picked item and (ii) outputphysical data; a mobile computer communicatively coupled to the hostcomputer and the at least one sensor, wherein the mobile computercomprises: a user interface, a memory for storing the pick list, and aprocessor communicatively coupled to the memory, the user interface, andthe at least one sensor, wherein the processor is configured to: (i)generate, based on the physical data, a first set of sensed-physicalattributes corresponding to the picked item, (ii) retrieve the first setof expected-physical attributes for the picked item from the memory,(iii) compare the first set of sensed-physical attributes to the firstset of expected-physical attributes, (iv) based on the comparison,create an alert message, and (v) transmit the alert message to the usera powered-industrial vehicle including a platform, wherein the at leastone sensor comprises: a dimensioning system having a field of viewconfigured so that the dimensioning system can sense physical attributesof the picked item, and the first set of sensed-physical attributescomprises sensed dimensions of the picked item while the picked item ison the platform, wherein at least a portion of the dimensioning systemis supported by the powered-industrial vehicle at a higher elevationthan the platform so that the field of view of the dimensioning systemis directed downwardly toward the platform, a scale, and the first setof sensed-physical attributes comprises sensed weight of the picked itemwhile the picked item is on the platform, and a digital camera, and thefirst set of sensed-physical attributes comprises sensed visualappearance of the picked item while the picked item is on the platform,portion of the digital camera is supported by the powered-industrialvehicle at a higher elevation than the platform so that a field of viewof the digital camera is directed downwardly toward the platform,wherein the processor being configured by software to compare the firstset of sensed-physical attributes to the set of expected-physicalattributes is comprised of: the processor being configured by softwareto compare the sensed dimensions of the picked item to expecteddimensions of the picked item, the processor being configured to comparethe sensed weight of the picked item to expected weight of the pickeditem, and the processor being configured to compare the sensed visualappearance of the picked item to expected visual appearance of thepicked item, and wherein the processor being configured to: transmit thealert message to the user interface, comprising transmitting apicking-error alert if the sensed dimensions of the item do not matchthe expected dimensions of the item, and update the first set ofexpected-physical attributes to generate a second set ofexpected-physical attributes, based on the first set of sensed-physicalattributes and a second set of sensed-physical attributes collected at adifferent time during a different picking operation.
 14. The pickingsystem according to claim 13, wherein the sensed dimensions of thepicked item comprise two-dimensional and/or three-dimensionalmeasurement corresponding to the picked item's shape/size.